{"id":97,"date":"2020-11-21T07:50:00","date_gmt":"2020-11-21T07:50:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/selahattingezer.com.tr\/?p=97"},"modified":"2025-06-08T15:32:05","modified_gmt":"2025-06-08T15:32:05","slug":"collestirilen-kurtluk-dunyasinda-bir-vaha-erivan-radyosu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/selaheddinbiyani.com.tr\/index.php\/2020\/11\/21\/collestirilen-kurtluk-dunyasinda-bir-vaha-erivan-radyosu\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00c7\u00d6LLE\u015eT\u0130R\u0130LEN K\u00dcRTL\u00dcK D\u00dcNYASINDA B\u0130R VAHA: ER\u0130VAN RADYOSU"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Sovyetlerin \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyle birlikte Erivan Radyosu d\u00e2hil, daralan hatta yer yer kapanan K\u00fcrt k\u00fclt\u00fcr kurumlar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda Erivan\u2019da ya\u015fayan bir \u00cazid\u00ee\u2019nin s\u00f6yledi\u011fi \u015fu k\u0131sac\u0131k s\u00f6z kendi i\u00e7inde derin bir tarihselli\u011fi ve o d\u00f6nemin sosyolojik duygusunun bir \u00f6zetini te\u015fkil eder:  \u2018Sovyetler as\u0131l bizim \u00fczerimize y\u0131k\u0131ld\u0131\u2026<\/em>\u2019<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erivan Radyosu ya da Kurd\u00ee dilinde Radyoya Rewan\u00ea, \u00e7\u00f6lle\u015ftirilmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lan K\u00fcrtl\u00fck D\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n tam ortas\u0131nda bir dil ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr vahas\u0131 ya da k\u00fclt\u00fcrel bir kapat\u0131lma mek\u00e2n\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclen K\u00fcrt k\u00fclt\u00fcr d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n fa\u015fizmden \u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f kal\u0131n duvarlar\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir gedik gibidir. Neredeyse bir\u00e7o\u011fu kendisiyle yak\u0131n zamanlarda K\u00fcrt\u00e7e yay\u0131nlar yapm\u0131\u015f olan \u015eark\u00fb\u2019l Edna, Ba\u011fdat, Tahran, Senendaj, Kirman\u015fah, Kahire, Radyoya Kurdistana Sor, Tiflis Radyolar\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7inde Erivan Radyosu program i\u00e7erikleri, yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 duygu, toplumsal etki ve geni\u015f bir haf\u0131zala\u015ft\u0131rma boyutuyla kategorik olarak her zaman apayr\u0131 bir yerde durmu\u015ftur.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Radyo\u2019dan y\u00fckselen ezgilerin toplam\u0131 K\u00fcrtler i\u00e7in duygular atlas\u0131 gibidir. Binlerce farkl\u0131 duygunun hare hare doldu\u011fu bu atlas\u0131n en \u00f6nemli yarat\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 ise her biri bir s\u00f6z ustas\u0131 olan, birer k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve dil sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 gibi yoksullu\u011fa ve yoksunlu\u011fa ra\u011fmen inatla g\u0131rtlaklar\u0131n\u0131 birer silaha d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f olan dengb\u00eajlerdir. Bu atlas\u0131n bir yerinde tarihsel bozgunlar\u0131n, g\u00f6\u00e7lerin ve \u00e7aresizliklerin melankolik bir topografyas\u0131 vard\u0131r, o topografyan\u0131n bir sonras\u0131 kahramanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n, adanm\u0131\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n, direni\u015fin lirik bir anlat\u0131 alan\u0131 vard\u0131r. O atlas\u0131n bir sayfas\u0131nda \u015eeroy\u00ea Biro\u2019nun \u2018s\u00fcrg\u00fcn ve k\u0131r\u0131lmay\u0131\u2019 anlatan kilamlar\u0131, bir sayfa sonras\u0131nda ise Aram Tigran\u2019\u0131n halk\u0131 direni\u015fe ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe \u00e7a\u011f\u0131ran a\u011f\u0131rba\u015fl\u0131 lirizmi vard\u0131r. Kolektif haf\u0131zam\u0131z\u0131 besleyen ve kimli\u011fe durmadan s\u00f6z ta\u015f\u0131yan dengb\u00eajlerin yan\u0131nda, radyoyu bin bir emekle ayakta tutan ve bir\u00e7o\u011fumuzun ad\u0131n\u0131 san\u0131n\u0131 bilmedi\u011fimiz binlerce emek\u00e7isi vard\u0131r radyonun. Radyo, bir taraftan K\u00fcrtlere birlik \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131lar\u0131 yaparken bunu geni\u015f bir tarihsel uzam ve haf\u0131za \u00fczerinden me\u015frula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131p yeniden \u00fcretiyor, \u00f6b\u00fcr taraftan siyasalla\u015fan bir K\u00fcrtl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn de gramerine s\u00f6z ta\u015f\u0131yordu. \u00d6rne\u011fin Erivan Radyosu\u2019nu bir \u015fekilde dinlemi\u015f olan her K\u00fcrd\u00fcn haf\u0131zas\u0131n\u0131n bir yerinde dipdiri duran ve Esl\u00eeka Qadir\u2019\u0131n seslendirdi\u011fi \u015fu ezgi yarat\u0131lmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lan \u2018kendine ait olan\u0131 sahiplenme\u2019 ve \u2018 tarihsel me\u015fruiyet\u2019 ikilisinin bir \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131s\u0131 gibidir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018Welat\u00ea me Kurdistan e \/ C\u00ee \u00fb mesken\u00ea me Kurdan e \/ Welat ji bo me rih \u00fb can e \/ Kurd hem\u00fb bira ne.\u2019<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6zellikle 1937 ve 1944 y\u0131llar\u0131nda Rusya\u2019da ya\u015fanan b\u00fcy\u00fck K\u00fcrt M\u00fcsl\u00fcman G\u00f6\u00e7\u00fc ve sayabilece\u011fimiz bir\u00e7ok farkl\u0131 sosyolojik parametreden dolay\u0131 Radyo d\u00e2hil Sovyetlerdeki K\u00fcrtl\u00fck ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck oranda Ermeni ve \u00cazid\u00ee\u2019ler taraf\u0131ndan domine edilmi\u015ftir. Bunda Ermeni ve \u00cazid\u00ee halklar\u0131n\u0131n tarihsel ba\u011flar\u0131 ve duyguda\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131nda \u00cazid\u00eeli\u011fin k\u00fclt\u00fcrel asimilasyondan en az etkilenmi\u015f K\u00fcrtl\u00fck kategorilerinden biri olmas\u0131n\u0131n da etkisi vard\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca kutsal kitaplar\u0131 olan Kit\u00eaba Cilve \u00fb Mishefa Re\u015f\u2019in K\u00fcrt\u00e7e yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131nda \u00cazid\u00eelerin i\u00e7e kapan\u0131k toplumsall\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n asimilasyona kar\u015f\u0131 bir diren\u00e7 noktas\u0131 ve do\u011fal bariyer i\u015flevi g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc s\u00f6yleyebiliriz.  Radyonun ba\u015fka \u00f6zg\u00fcn bir taraf\u0131 da Ba\u011fdat ve Tahran Radyolar\u0131 Arap ve Acem enstr\u00fcmanlar\u0131n\u0131 yo\u011fun bi\u00e7imde kullan\u0131rken Erivan Radyosunun daha \u00e7ok K\u00fcrt ve Ermenilerin kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 bil\u00fbr, def, zirne, duduk ve fiq enstr\u00fcmanlar\u0131n\u0131  kullanm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Bu enstr\u00fcmanlar\u0131n bir\u00e7o\u011fu \u00cazid\u00eelerin Lale\u015f\u2019teki \u015e\u00eax Adiy\u2019in t\u00fcrbesi ziyaretinde ilahiler ve \u015fark\u0131lar s\u00f6ylerken kulland\u0131klar\u0131 enstr\u00fcmanlarla neredeyse ayn\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sovyetlerin d\u00f6nem d\u00f6nem K\u00fcrtl\u00fck \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda ortaya koydu\u011fu ar\u0131tma, ayr\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma ve ideolojik t\u00f6rp\u00fcleme giri\u015fimlerine ra\u011fmen uygulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 dil ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr politikas\u0131 Sovyet K\u00fcrtlerinin folklorik ve dilsel haf\u0131zala\u015ft\u0131rma ba\u011flam\u0131nda di\u011fer d\u00f6rt par\u00e7ayla niceliksel olarak k\u0131yaslanmayacak kadar b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u00fclt\u00fcrel sermaye yaratmalar\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Erivan Radyosu bu ba\u011flamda bizler i\u00e7in h\u00e2l\u00e2 bir ba\u015fvuru kayna\u011f\u0131, zengin bir k\u00fclt\u00fcrel repertuar, i\u015flevsel bir haf\u0131za, hatta K\u00fcrd\u00fcn kamusal alandaki en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc sesi olan dengb\u00eajli\u011fin nadide m\u00fczelerinden biri gibidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Althusser\u2019ci bir diskur \u00fczerinden ilerledi\u011fimizde d\u00f6nemin en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ideolojik ayg\u0131tlar\u0131ndan biri olan ve kitlesel hakikatler in\u015fa eden radyo, sosyalist ya\u015fam k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn pompaland\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir okul gibi \u00e7al\u0131\u015farak Sovyetik Devrimin yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarihsel ve toplumsal mucizenin bol bol halklara enjekte edildi\u011fi bir politik alana d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. 124 ayr\u0131 dilde yay\u0131n yapan Rusya\u2019n\u0131n Sesi Radyosu\u2019nun K\u00fcrt\u00e7e yay\u0131n i\u00e7in Erivan\u2019\u0131 se\u00e7mesinin bir ba\u015fka sebebi de Erivan\u2019\u0131n K\u00fcrt co\u011frafyas\u0131na yak\u0131n olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Merkezi y\u00f6netiminin Moskova\u2019da oldu\u011fu radyoda yay\u0131nlanacak programlar\u0131n mutlaka merkezi kuruldan ge\u00e7mesi gerekiyordu. 1932 y\u0131l\u0131nda Haciy\u00ea Cindi, haz\u0131rlam\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu antoloji kitab\u0131n\u0131 ve R\u00eaya Teze Gazetesi\u2019nin birka\u00e7 n\u00fcshas\u0131n\u0131 Suriye\u2019de yay\u0131nlanan Hawar dergisine izinsiz g\u00f6nderince hapis cezas\u0131na \u00e7arpt\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bir tarafta K\u00fcrtl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn \u00f6b\u00fcr taraftan yeni sosyalist ya\u015fam\u0131n erdemlerinin s\u0131raland\u0131\u011f\u0131 radyoda,   radyonun ilk kad\u0131n dengb\u00eaji kabul edilen S\u00fbsika Simo (1925-1977) d\u00f6rt par\u00e7ada d\u00f6rt ayr\u0131 Leviathan ile bo\u011fu\u015fan K\u00fcrtlere Sovyet sosyalizminin halklara arma\u011fan etti\u011fi \u00f6zerkliklerin o halklarda nas\u0131l bir minnet duygusu yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 o muhte\u015fem sesiyle \u015f\u00f6yle hayk\u0131r\u0131yordu:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

 \u2018Dewra ber\u00ea belengaz b\u00fbn<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Len\u00een rab\u00fb em xilas b\u00fbn<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nav\u00ea Len\u00een \u015f\u00ear\u00een \u015fa b\u00fb<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130lm\u00ea Marks\u00eest bilind b\u00fb\u2019<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u00fct\u00fcn programlar\u0131n\u0131 Kurmanc\u00ee yapan radyonun bir ay\u0131rt edici \u00f6zelli\u011fi de feodalizmi ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla geri ya\u015fam formlar\u0131n\u0131 yans\u0131tan a\u011fal\u0131k, mirlik ve \u015feyhlik gibi temalar\u0131n i\u015flendi\u011fi \u015fiir ve kilamlar\u0131 uzun bir d\u00f6nem yasaklanm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Tim\u00fbr\u00ea Xel\u00eel ile yap\u0131lan bir s\u00f6yle\u015fide, Xel\u00eel, s\u0131rf bu sans\u00fcr y\u00fcz\u00fcnden bir\u00e7ok dengb\u00eajin radyoda s\u00f6ylemekten vazge\u00e7ti\u011fini s\u00f6yler. Ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde ikinci d\u00fcnya sava\u015f\u0131 d\u00f6neminde kahramanl\u0131k ve sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k temal\u0131 \u015fiir ve \u015fark\u0131lar\u0131n radyodan yay\u0131nlanmas\u0131na Sovyet rejiminin ses \u00e7\u0131karmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 vurgular.  Wez\u00eer\u00ea E\u015fo da bir s\u00f6yle\u015fisinde radyonun en temel ama\u00e7lar\u0131ndan birinin de Sovyetlerin b\u00fct\u00fcn Kurdistan ve Ortado\u011fu\u2019ya sosyalist bir bilin\u00e7 a\u015f\u0131lamak oldu\u011funu, hatta Irak h\u00fck\u00fcmeti ile Rusya\u2019n\u0131n aras\u0131n\u0131n bu y\u00fczden bozuldu\u011funu aktar\u0131r. Buna dair bir ba\u015fka vurucu \u00f6rnek ise, \u0130ran K\u00fcrtlerini s\u00fcrekli isyana \u00e7a\u011f\u0131ran yay\u0131nlar\u0131n Rusya\u2019n\u0131n 1975 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130ran ile yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015fmadan hemen sonra birden kesilmi\u015f olmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1955 y\u0131l\u0131nda K\u00fcrt\u00e7e yay\u0131na ba\u015flayan radyo sadece ezgiler \u00e7alan ve haberler sunan bir radyo de\u011fil, R\u00eaya Teze Gazetesini geni\u015f kitlelere ula\u015ft\u0131ran bir dergi-radyo, tiyatro-radyo ve okullarda verilen K\u00fcrt\u00e7e e\u011fitimin prati\u011fini yapan bir okul i\u015flevi g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Radyo\u2019nun yay\u0131n ak\u0131\u015f\u0131nda Moskova\u2019dan gelen ve K\u00fcrt\u00e7e\u2019ye \u00e7evrilerek okunan politik geli\u015fmeler aktar\u0131l\u0131rken, denb\u00eajlik \u00fczerine \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan Kurdologlar radyo \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131na s\u00fcrekli \u00e7al\u0131nan \u015fark\u0131lar\u0131n tarih\u00e7eleri ve i\u00e7erikleriyle ilgili bilgiler veriyor ve programlar yap\u0131yorlard\u0131. Daha sonra bu \u015fark\u0131 ve programlar\u0131n neredeyse t\u00fcm\u00fc \u00f6zenle ar\u015fivleniyordu. Hatta Ereb\u00ea \u015eemo gibi \u00fcnl\u00fc yazarlar\u0131n romanlar\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcmler halinde radyodan okunuyor, \u015eikoy\u00ea Hesen, Ferik\u00ea Usiv, Eg\u00eed\u00ea \u015eems\u00ee, Esker\u00ea Boy\u00eek, Se\u00eed\u00ea \u00cebo, Tosin\u00ea Re\u015f\u00eed, Cegerxw\u00een, Emin\u00ea Evdal ve Cesim\u00ea Cel\u00eel gibi \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu sol ideolojik tedrisattan ge\u00e7mi\u015f K\u00fcrt \u015fairlerinin radyodan okunan \u015fiirleri, Lenin\u2019in devrimcili\u011finden Derw\u00ea\u015f\u00ea Evd\u00ee\u2019nin kahramanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na,  kolhozlar ve yarat\u0131lan yeni sol erdemlerden Kela Dimdim\u00ea Destan\u0131na kadar uzanan geni\u015f bir uzamda K\u00fcrd\u00fcn haf\u0131zas\u0131na esasl\u0131 bir K\u00fcrtl\u00fck ve Sosyalizm nak\u015fediliyordu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Radyonun ba\u015fka bir \u00f6zg\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc de Ermeniler ile benzer tarihsel yazg\u0131dan gelen ve bir\u00e7o\u011fu Serhat b\u00f6lgesinden s\u00fcrg\u00fcn edilmi\u015f olan \u00cazid\u00eelerin dayan\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131, duygusal \u00f6zde\u015flik ba\u011flar\u0131n\u0131n kuruldu\u011fu bir k\u00fclt\u00fcrel mek\u00e2n \u00f6zelli\u011fi g\u00f6stermi\u015f olmas\u0131d\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin, Ermenilerin neredeyse en bilinen kahramanlar\u0131ndan biri olan Vartan kadar b\u00fcy\u00fck de\u011fer atfettikleri Andranik Pa\u015fa ile Van b\u00f6lgesinde etkin bir \u00cazid\u00ee beyi olan Cang\u00eer Axa aras\u0131ndaki dostlu\u011fu ve dayan\u0131\u015fma \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 anlatan ve \u015eibiliy\u00ea \u00c7a\u00e7an taraf\u0131ndan s\u00f6ylenen kilam buna en g\u00fczel \u00f6rnektir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Andran\u00eek Pa\u015fa Xa\u00e7m\u00eeran\u00ea xwe hilda<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pa\u015fiya mawuzer\u00ea xwe tev gir\u00ea da<\/p>\n\n\n\n

De go ez bext\u00ea we \u00fb xwed\u00ea da<\/p>\n\n\n\n

De rabin cewab\u00ea bidin Cang\u00eer Axa<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u00eajin em ketine bext\u00ea te \u00fb xwed\u00ea da<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rabe nesikine li w\u00ee al\u00ee<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u00eas\u00eer\u00ean me man e li Kelha Wan\u00ea di bin berf\u00ea da\u2026       <\/p>\n\n\n\n

K\u00fclt\u00fcrel belle\u011fimizin kay\u0131t d\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 o b\u00fcy\u00fck folklorik, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel, dilsel ve politik birikimi i\u015flevsel haf\u0131zalar\u0131m\u0131za hediye eden ve burada isimlerini sayamayaca\u011f\u0131m\u0131z kadar geni\u015f bir anlat\u0131 ve duygu k\u00fcmelerini yaratan radyonun o m\u00fcstesna emek\u00e7ilerine kar\u015f\u0131 hepimizin b\u00fcy\u00fck bir vefa borcu vard\u0131r. En \u00e7ok da \u00e7ocuklu\u011funda radyonun bir m\u00fcjde gibi kula\u011f\u0131m\u0131za dolan \u015fu giri\u015f repli\u011fini asla unutamam\u0131\u015f olanlar\u0131n: \u2018Gel\u00ee guhdar\u00ean ez\u00eez ev der Radyoya Rewan\u00ea\u2026\u2019<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Sovyetlerin \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyle birlikte Erivan Radyosu d\u00e2hil, daralan hatta yer yer kapanan K\u00fcrt k\u00fclt\u00fcr kurumlar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda Erivan\u2019da ya\u015fayan bir \u00cazid\u00ee\u2019nin s\u00f6yledi\u011fi \u015fu k\u0131sac\u0131k s\u00f6z kendi i\u00e7inde derin bir tarihselli\u011fi ve o d\u00f6nemin sosyolojik duygusunun bir \u00f6zetini te\u015fkil eder:  \u2018Sovyetler as\u0131l bizim \u00fczerimize y\u0131k\u0131ld\u0131\u2026\u2019 Erivan Radyosu ya da Kurd\u00ee dilinde Radyoya Rewan\u00ea, \u00e7\u00f6lle\u015ftirilmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lan K\u00fcrtl\u00fck D\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n tam ortas\u0131nda bir dil ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr vahas\u0131 ya da k\u00fclt\u00fcrel bir kapat\u0131lma mek\u00e2n\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclen K\u00fcrt k\u00fclt\u00fcr d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n fa\u015fizmden \u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f kal\u0131n duvarlar\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir gedik gibidir. Neredeyse bir\u00e7o\u011fu kendisiyle yak\u0131n zamanlarda K\u00fcrt\u00e7e yay\u0131nlar yapm\u0131\u015f olan \u015eark\u00fb\u2019l Edna, Ba\u011fdat, Tahran, Senendaj, Kirman\u015fah, Kahire, Radyoya Kurdistana Sor, Tiflis Radyolar\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7inde Erivan Radyosu program i\u00e7erikleri, yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 duygu, toplumsal etki ve geni\u015f bir haf\u0131zala\u015ft\u0131rma boyutuyla kategorik olarak her zaman apayr\u0131 bir yerde durmu\u015ftur.   Radyo\u2019dan y\u00fckselen ezgilerin toplam\u0131 K\u00fcrtler i\u00e7in duygular atlas\u0131 gibidir. Binlerce farkl\u0131 duygunun hare hare doldu\u011fu bu atlas\u0131n en \u00f6nemli yarat\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 ise her biri bir s\u00f6z ustas\u0131 olan, birer k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve dil sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 gibi yoksullu\u011fa ve yoksunlu\u011fa ra\u011fmen inatla g\u0131rtlaklar\u0131n\u0131 birer silaha d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f olan dengb\u00eajlerdir. Bu atlas\u0131n bir yerinde tarihsel bozgunlar\u0131n, g\u00f6\u00e7lerin ve \u00e7aresizliklerin melankolik bir topografyas\u0131 vard\u0131r, o topografyan\u0131n bir sonras\u0131 kahramanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n, adanm\u0131\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n, direni\u015fin lirik bir anlat\u0131 alan\u0131 vard\u0131r. O atlas\u0131n bir sayfas\u0131nda \u015eeroy\u00ea Biro\u2019nun \u2018s\u00fcrg\u00fcn ve k\u0131r\u0131lmay\u0131\u2019 anlatan kilamlar\u0131, bir sayfa sonras\u0131nda ise Aram Tigran\u2019\u0131n halk\u0131 direni\u015fe ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe \u00e7a\u011f\u0131ran a\u011f\u0131rba\u015fl\u0131 lirizmi vard\u0131r. Kolektif haf\u0131zam\u0131z\u0131 besleyen ve kimli\u011fe durmadan s\u00f6z ta\u015f\u0131yan dengb\u00eajlerin yan\u0131nda, radyoyu bin bir emekle ayakta tutan ve bir\u00e7o\u011fumuzun ad\u0131n\u0131 san\u0131n\u0131 bilmedi\u011fimiz binlerce emek\u00e7isi vard\u0131r radyonun. Radyo, bir taraftan K\u00fcrtlere birlik \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131lar\u0131 yaparken bunu geni\u015f bir tarihsel uzam ve haf\u0131za \u00fczerinden me\u015frula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131p yeniden \u00fcretiyor, \u00f6b\u00fcr taraftan siyasalla\u015fan bir K\u00fcrtl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn de gramerine s\u00f6z ta\u015f\u0131yordu. \u00d6rne\u011fin Erivan Radyosu\u2019nu bir \u015fekilde dinlemi\u015f olan her K\u00fcrd\u00fcn haf\u0131zas\u0131n\u0131n bir yerinde dipdiri duran ve Esl\u00eeka Qadir\u2019\u0131n seslendirdi\u011fi \u015fu ezgi yarat\u0131lmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lan \u2018kendine ait olan\u0131 sahiplenme\u2019 ve \u2018 tarihsel me\u015fruiyet\u2019 ikilisinin bir \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131s\u0131 gibidir: \u2018Welat\u00ea me Kurdistan e \/ C\u00ee \u00fb mesken\u00ea me Kurdan e \/ Welat ji bo me rih \u00fb can e \/ Kurd hem\u00fb bira ne.\u2019 \u00d6zellikle 1937 ve 1944 y\u0131llar\u0131nda Rusya\u2019da ya\u015fanan b\u00fcy\u00fck K\u00fcrt M\u00fcsl\u00fcman G\u00f6\u00e7\u00fc ve sayabilece\u011fimiz bir\u00e7ok farkl\u0131 sosyolojik parametreden dolay\u0131 Radyo d\u00e2hil Sovyetlerdeki K\u00fcrtl\u00fck ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck oranda Ermeni ve \u00cazid\u00ee\u2019ler taraf\u0131ndan domine edilmi\u015ftir. Bunda Ermeni ve \u00cazid\u00ee halklar\u0131n\u0131n tarihsel ba\u011flar\u0131 ve duyguda\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131nda \u00cazid\u00eeli\u011fin k\u00fclt\u00fcrel asimilasyondan en az etkilenmi\u015f K\u00fcrtl\u00fck kategorilerinden biri olmas\u0131n\u0131n da etkisi vard\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca kutsal kitaplar\u0131 olan Kit\u00eaba Cilve \u00fb Mishefa Re\u015f\u2019in K\u00fcrt\u00e7e yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131nda \u00cazid\u00eelerin i\u00e7e kapan\u0131k toplumsall\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n asimilasyona kar\u015f\u0131 bir diren\u00e7 noktas\u0131 ve do\u011fal bariyer i\u015flevi g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc s\u00f6yleyebiliriz.  Radyonun ba\u015fka \u00f6zg\u00fcn bir taraf\u0131 da Ba\u011fdat ve Tahran Radyolar\u0131 Arap ve Acem enstr\u00fcmanlar\u0131n\u0131 yo\u011fun bi\u00e7imde kullan\u0131rken Erivan Radyosunun daha \u00e7ok K\u00fcrt ve Ermenilerin kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 bil\u00fbr, def, zirne, duduk ve fiq enstr\u00fcmanlar\u0131n\u0131  kullanm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Bu enstr\u00fcmanlar\u0131n bir\u00e7o\u011fu \u00cazid\u00eelerin Lale\u015f\u2019teki \u015e\u00eax Adiy\u2019in t\u00fcrbesi ziyaretinde ilahiler ve \u015fark\u0131lar s\u00f6ylerken kulland\u0131klar\u0131 enstr\u00fcmanlarla neredeyse ayn\u0131d\u0131r. Sovyetlerin d\u00f6nem d\u00f6nem K\u00fcrtl\u00fck \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda ortaya koydu\u011fu ar\u0131tma, ayr\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma ve ideolojik t\u00f6rp\u00fcleme giri\u015fimlerine ra\u011fmen uygulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 dil ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr politikas\u0131 Sovyet K\u00fcrtlerinin folklorik ve dilsel haf\u0131zala\u015ft\u0131rma ba\u011flam\u0131nda di\u011fer d\u00f6rt par\u00e7ayla niceliksel olarak k\u0131yaslanmayacak kadar b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u00fclt\u00fcrel sermaye yaratmalar\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Erivan Radyosu bu ba\u011flamda bizler i\u00e7in h\u00e2l\u00e2 bir ba\u015fvuru kayna\u011f\u0131, zengin bir k\u00fclt\u00fcrel repertuar, i\u015flevsel bir haf\u0131za, hatta K\u00fcrd\u00fcn kamusal alandaki en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc sesi olan dengb\u00eajli\u011fin nadide m\u00fczelerinden biri gibidir. Althusser\u2019ci bir diskur \u00fczerinden ilerledi\u011fimizde d\u00f6nemin en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ideolojik ayg\u0131tlar\u0131ndan biri olan ve kitlesel hakikatler in\u015fa eden radyo, sosyalist ya\u015fam k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn pompaland\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir okul gibi \u00e7al\u0131\u015farak Sovyetik Devrimin yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarihsel ve toplumsal mucizenin bol bol halklara enjekte edildi\u011fi bir politik alana d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. 124 ayr\u0131 dilde yay\u0131n yapan Rusya\u2019n\u0131n Sesi Radyosu\u2019nun K\u00fcrt\u00e7e yay\u0131n i\u00e7in Erivan\u2019\u0131 se\u00e7mesinin bir ba\u015fka sebebi de Erivan\u2019\u0131n K\u00fcrt co\u011frafyas\u0131na yak\u0131n olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Merkezi y\u00f6netiminin Moskova\u2019da oldu\u011fu radyoda yay\u0131nlanacak programlar\u0131n mutlaka merkezi kuruldan ge\u00e7mesi gerekiyordu. 1932 y\u0131l\u0131nda Haciy\u00ea Cindi, haz\u0131rlam\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu antoloji kitab\u0131n\u0131 ve R\u00eaya Teze Gazetesi\u2019nin birka\u00e7 n\u00fcshas\u0131n\u0131 Suriye\u2019de yay\u0131nlanan Hawar dergisine izinsiz g\u00f6nderince hapis cezas\u0131na \u00e7arpt\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bir tarafta K\u00fcrtl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn \u00f6b\u00fcr taraftan yeni sosyalist ya\u015fam\u0131n erdemlerinin s\u0131raland\u0131\u011f\u0131 radyoda,   radyonun ilk kad\u0131n dengb\u00eaji kabul edilen S\u00fbsika Simo (1925-1977) d\u00f6rt par\u00e7ada d\u00f6rt ayr\u0131 Leviathan ile bo\u011fu\u015fan K\u00fcrtlere Sovyet sosyalizminin halklara arma\u011fan etti\u011fi \u00f6zerkliklerin o halklarda nas\u0131l bir minnet duygusu yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 o muhte\u015fem sesiyle \u015f\u00f6yle hayk\u0131r\u0131yordu:  \u2018Dewra ber\u00ea belengaz b\u00fbn Len\u00een rab\u00fb em xilas b\u00fbn Nav\u00ea Len\u00een \u015f\u00ear\u00een \u015fa b\u00fb \u0130lm\u00ea Marks\u00eest bilind b\u00fb\u2019 B\u00fct\u00fcn programlar\u0131n\u0131 Kurmanc\u00ee yapan radyonun bir ay\u0131rt edici \u00f6zelli\u011fi de feodalizmi ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla geri ya\u015fam formlar\u0131n\u0131 yans\u0131tan a\u011fal\u0131k, mirlik ve \u015feyhlik gibi temalar\u0131n i\u015flendi\u011fi \u015fiir ve kilamlar\u0131 uzun bir d\u00f6nem yasaklanm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Tim\u00fbr\u00ea Xel\u00eel ile yap\u0131lan bir s\u00f6yle\u015fide, Xel\u00eel, s\u0131rf bu sans\u00fcr y\u00fcz\u00fcnden bir\u00e7ok dengb\u00eajin radyoda s\u00f6ylemekten vazge\u00e7ti\u011fini s\u00f6yler. Ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde ikinci d\u00fcnya sava\u015f\u0131 d\u00f6neminde kahramanl\u0131k ve sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k temal\u0131 \u015fiir ve \u015fark\u0131lar\u0131n radyodan yay\u0131nlanmas\u0131na Sovyet rejiminin ses \u00e7\u0131karmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 vurgular.  Wez\u00eer\u00ea E\u015fo da bir s\u00f6yle\u015fisinde radyonun en temel ama\u00e7lar\u0131ndan birinin de Sovyetlerin b\u00fct\u00fcn Kurdistan ve Ortado\u011fu\u2019ya sosyalist bir bilin\u00e7 a\u015f\u0131lamak oldu\u011funu, hatta Irak h\u00fck\u00fcmeti ile Rusya\u2019n\u0131n aras\u0131n\u0131n bu y\u00fczden bozuldu\u011funu aktar\u0131r. Buna dair bir ba\u015fka vurucu \u00f6rnek ise, \u0130ran K\u00fcrtlerini s\u00fcrekli isyana \u00e7a\u011f\u0131ran yay\u0131nlar\u0131n Rusya\u2019n\u0131n 1975 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130ran ile yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015fmadan hemen sonra birden kesilmi\u015f olmas\u0131d\u0131r. 1955 y\u0131l\u0131nda K\u00fcrt\u00e7e yay\u0131na ba\u015flayan radyo sadece ezgiler \u00e7alan ve haberler sunan bir radyo de\u011fil, R\u00eaya Teze Gazetesini geni\u015f kitlelere ula\u015ft\u0131ran bir dergi-radyo, tiyatro-radyo ve okullarda verilen K\u00fcrt\u00e7e e\u011fitimin prati\u011fini yapan bir okul i\u015flevi g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Radyo\u2019nun yay\u0131n ak\u0131\u015f\u0131nda Moskova\u2019dan gelen ve K\u00fcrt\u00e7e\u2019ye \u00e7evrilerek okunan politik geli\u015fmeler aktar\u0131l\u0131rken, denb\u00eajlik \u00fczerine \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan Kurdologlar radyo \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131na s\u00fcrekli \u00e7al\u0131nan \u015fark\u0131lar\u0131n tarih\u00e7eleri ve i\u00e7erikleriyle ilgili bilgiler veriyor ve programlar yap\u0131yorlard\u0131. Daha sonra bu \u015fark\u0131 ve programlar\u0131n neredeyse t\u00fcm\u00fc \u00f6zenle ar\u015fivleniyordu. Hatta Ereb\u00ea \u015eemo gibi \u00fcnl\u00fc yazarlar\u0131n romanlar\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcmler halinde radyodan okunuyor, \u015eikoy\u00ea Hesen, Ferik\u00ea Usiv, Eg\u00eed\u00ea \u015eems\u00ee, Esker\u00ea Boy\u00eek, Se\u00eed\u00ea \u00cebo, Tosin\u00ea Re\u015f\u00eed, Cegerxw\u00een, Emin\u00ea Evdal ve Cesim\u00ea Cel\u00eel gibi \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu sol ideolojik tedrisattan ge\u00e7mi\u015f K\u00fcrt \u015fairlerinin radyodan okunan \u015fiirleri, Lenin\u2019in devrimcili\u011finden Derw\u00ea\u015f\u00ea Evd\u00ee\u2019nin kahramanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na,  kolhozlar ve yarat\u0131lan yeni sol erdemlerden Kela Dimdim\u00ea Destan\u0131na kadar uzanan geni\u015f bir uzamda K\u00fcrd\u00fcn haf\u0131zas\u0131na esasl\u0131 bir K\u00fcrtl\u00fck ve Sosyalizm nak\u015fediliyordu. Radyonun ba\u015fka bir \u00f6zg\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc de Ermeniler ile benzer tarihsel yazg\u0131dan gelen ve bir\u00e7o\u011fu Serhat b\u00f6lgesinden s\u00fcrg\u00fcn edilmi\u015f olan \u00cazid\u00eelerin dayan\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131, duygusal \u00f6zde\u015flik ba\u011flar\u0131n\u0131n kuruldu\u011fu bir k\u00fclt\u00fcrel mek\u00e2n \u00f6zelli\u011fi g\u00f6stermi\u015f olmas\u0131d\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin, Ermenilerin neredeyse en bilinen kahramanlar\u0131ndan biri olan Vartan kadar b\u00fcy\u00fck de\u011fer atfettikleri Andranik Pa\u015fa ile Van b\u00f6lgesinde etkin bir \u00cazid\u00ee beyi olan Cang\u00eer Axa aras\u0131ndaki dostlu\u011fu ve dayan\u0131\u015fma \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 anlatan ve \u015eibiliy\u00ea \u00c7a\u00e7an taraf\u0131ndan s\u00f6ylenen kilam buna en g\u00fczel \u00f6rnektir: Andran\u00eek Pa\u015fa Xa\u00e7m\u00eeran\u00ea xwe hilda Pa\u015fiya mawuzer\u00ea xwe tev gir\u00ea da De go ez bext\u00ea we \u00fb xwed\u00ea da De rabin cewab\u00ea bidin Cang\u00eer Axa B\u00eajin em ketine bext\u00ea te \u00fb xwed\u00ea da Rabe nesikine li w\u00ee al\u00ee H\u00eas\u00eer\u00ean me man e li Kelha Wan\u00ea di bin berf\u00ea da\u2026        K\u00fclt\u00fcrel belle\u011fimizin kay\u0131t d\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 o b\u00fcy\u00fck folklorik, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel, dilsel ve politik birikimi i\u015flevsel haf\u0131zalar\u0131m\u0131za hediye eden ve burada isimlerini sayamayaca\u011f\u0131m\u0131z kadar geni\u015f bir anlat\u0131 ve duygu k\u00fcmelerini yaratan radyonun o m\u00fcstesna emek\u00e7ilerine kar\u015f\u0131 hepimizin b\u00fcy\u00fck bir vefa borcu vard\u0131r. En \u00e7ok da \u00e7ocuklu\u011funda radyonun bir m\u00fcjde gibi kula\u011f\u0131m\u0131za dolan \u015fu giri\u015f repli\u011fini asla unutamam\u0131\u015f olanlar\u0131n: \u2018Gel\u00ee guhdar\u00ean ez\u00eez ev der Radyoya Rewan\u00ea\u2026\u2019<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":334,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"iawp_total_views":2,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-97","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/selaheddinbiyani.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/97","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/selaheddinbiyani.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/selaheddinbiyani.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/selaheddinbiyani.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/selaheddinbiyani.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=97"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/selaheddinbiyani.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/97\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":335,"href":"https:\/\/selaheddinbiyani.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/97\/revisions\/335"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/selaheddinbiyani.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/334"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/selaheddinbiyani.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=97"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/selaheddinbiyani.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=97"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/selaheddinbiyani.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=97"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}